Handbook Of Software Engineering And Knowledge Engineering

The current state-of-the-art of green solvents is evaluated along these lines, in addition to reviewing their applications with an appreciation of sustainability criteria. Providing a critical assessment on emerging solvents and featuring case studies and perspectives from different sectors, this is an important reference for academics and industrialists working with solvents, as well as policy-makers involved in bio-based initiatives.

The ordering of the chapters reflects the natural flow of events in an evolving Universe: Philosophy of Science, the basis of the view that natural events have natural causes – Cosmology, the origin of everything from the Big Bang to the current state of the Universe – Geoscience, the physics and chemistry behind the evolution of the planet Earth from its birth to the present – Life Science, the molecules and mechanisms of life on Earth – Ecology, the interdependence of all components within the Ecosphere and the Universe – Information Content, emphasis on how words and phrases and framing of issues affect opinions, reliability of sources, and the limitations of knowledge.

This volume provides a discussion of these topics from leading international experts and will be a useful reference for researchers working in this field.

Edited by pioneers in this exciting field, and featuring contributions from leading researchers, this book discusses the principles and applications of XFELs.

Each review within the volume critically surveys one aspect of that topic and places it within the context of the volume as a whole. The most significant developments of the last 5 to 10 years are presented using selected examples to illustrate the principles discussed. The coverage is not intended to be an exhaustive summary of the field or include large quantities of data, but should rather be conceptual, concentrating on the methodological thinking that will allow the non-specialist reader to understand the information presented. Contributions also offer an outlook on potential future developments in the field.