The themes explored in the book demonstrate that while the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) has advanced in maturity, many issues remain concerning the preparation of increasingly active catalysts and the method of activation to attain the maximum catalytic activity and catalyst life. The book includes coverage of the structural features, their changes, and the application of increasingly sophisticated characterization techniques, shedding light on the reaction mechanism and providing a glimpse into the processes and reaction rates under realistic commercial process conditions.

It begins with an overview of integrated biorefineries. Next, it covers:

• Biomass feedstocks, including sugar, starch, oil, and energy crops as well as microalgae
• Pretreatment technologies for lignocellulosic biomass
• Hydrolytic enzymes used in biorefineries for the hydrolysis of starch and lignocelluloses
• Bioconversion technologies for current and future biofuels such as ethanol, biodiesel, butanol, hydrogen, and biogas
• Specialty chemicals, building block chemicals, and biopolymers produced via fermentation
• Phytochemicals and functional food ingredients extracted from plant materials

All the chapters have been written and edited by leading experts in bioprocessing and biorefining technologies. Contributions are based on a thorough review of the literature as well as the authors’ firsthand experience developing and working with bioprocessing technologies.

This book contains comprehensive reviews on cutting-edge developments and future prospects of fluorine in bioorganic and medicinal chemistry. It is essential for researchers who want to take advantage of the use of fluorine in biomedical research, from rational drug design, theory and synthesis to the use of fluorine labels as probes in metabolic study, protein engineering, and clinical diagnosis.

The only book explaining modern MWD technology, to include hardware design, signal processing and telemetry, offering unique approaches to high-data-rate well logging Trade magazines and review articles describe MWD in casual terms, such as positive versus negative pulsers, continuous wave systems, drilling channel noise, and attenuation, often devoid of technical rigor.

This book constructs a macro monetary model which draws on a wide range of economic theories, within both the Marxian economic tradition, and the tradition of Keynes, Kalecki, Domar, Sraffa and Leontief. Marxian economics has been dominated by supply-side thinking, including general equilibrium theory and pronouncements about the shortage of surplus value, whilst Post Keynesians have failed to take seriously the importance of reproduction and the multisectoral structure of capitalism. By locating aggregate demand and the circuit of money in the reproduction schema, this key book provides an analytical contribution to both Marxian and Post Keynesian economics.

This book focuses on the chemistry and processes for conversion and utilization of carbon dioxide.

Insight into these variables enables petroleum chemists and engineers to choose the right lubricant base stock and additive combination. By becoming aware of these important elements, those in industry are better able to make the right choices, leading to reduced costs, improved performance, and better management of production timelines.

Transport Phenomena in Capillary-Porous Structures and Heat Pipes covers the latest experiemental research efforts in two-phase thermal control technology research and development. The book covers vaporization heat transfer and hydrodynamic processes occurring in capillary channels and porous structures―paying particular attention to the physical mechanisms of these phenomena