Examines all stages of fuel production, from feedstocks to finished products

Exploring chemical structures and properties, this book sheds new light on the current science and technology of producing energy efficient and environmentally friendly fuels. Moreover, it explains the role of fuel-additives in the production cycle.

Functional Nanostructured Materials and Membranes for Water Treatment’ is part of the series on Materials for Sustainable Energy and Development edited by Prof. G.Q. Max Lu. The series covers advances in materials science and innovation for renewable energy, clean use of fossil energy, and greenhouse gas mitigation and associated environmental technologies.

Along with exercises and references, each chapter contains a theoretical description of process units followed by numerous examples that are solved step by step via hand calculations and computer simulation using Hysys/Unisim, PRO/II, Aspen Plus, and SuperPro Designer. Adhering to the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET) criteria, the book gives students the tools needed to solve real problems involving thermodynamics and fluid-phase equilibria, fluid flow, material and energy balances, heat exchangers, reactor design, distillation, absorption, and liquid–liquid extraction.

The handbook offers a unique combination of comprehensive chromatograms, mass spectral data, and analytical data in addition to environmental perspectives and regulations issued by the FDA, USEPA, EU agencies, and other groups. Unlike other resources that focus on the selection of performance-enhancing additives, this book provides the information and techniques needed to extract, identify, and quantify additives in finished goods using common and readily available laboratory techniques. This makes it an ideal reference for monitoring plastics for regulatory or internal compliance applications as well as for using analysis to troubleshoot, develop, or improve upon application-specific compounding practices and processes.

The book covers the uses, advantages, and disadvantages of plasticizers, historical and theoretical background, their effects on process conditions, and health, safety, and environmental issues.

Avoiding overly complex equations and theorems, Gas Pipeline Hydraulics demonstrates the calculation of pressure drop using various commonly accepted formulas. The author extends this discussion to determine total pressure required under various configurations, the necessity of pressure regulators and control valves, the comparative pros and cons of adding compressor stations versus pipe loops, mechanical strength of the pipeline, and thermal hydraulic analysis. He also introduces transient pressure analysis along with references for more in-depth study. The text concludes with the economic aspects of pipeline systems.

This book places a large emphasis on interaction between chemical and biological species, in a gaseous or liquid state, and details mineral and biological materials acting as sensitive elements. The role of electrical, electrochemical, piezoelectric and optical transducers in detection mechanisms are presented through their developments and from a performance point-of-view. Micro-reactors, nanotechnologies and flexible substrates, are considered in relation to their role in neural networks.

Nanoparticle-induced catalysis for DNA biosensing; basic terms regarding electrochemical DNA (nucleic acids) biosensors; screen-printed electrodes for electrochemical DNA detection: application of field-effect transistors to label free electrical DNA biosensor arrays; and electrochemical detection of nucleic acids using branched DNA amplifiers.