Following the upgrading of many spillways in the last 30 years, internal erosion is identified as the greatest threat to UK reservoirs so in response to this problem, a number of methods for the early detection of internal erosion are explained.

Written by leading experts in the field, and covering composite materials developed from different natural fibers and their hybridization with synthetic fibers, the book’s chapters provide cutting-edge, up-to-date research on the characterization, analysis and modelling of composite materials.

• Contains contributions from leading experts in the field
• Discusses recent progress on failure analysis, SHM, durability, life prediction and the modelling of damage in natural fiber-based composite materials
• Covers experimental, analytical and numerical analysis
• Provides detailed and comprehensive information on mechanical properties, testing methods and modelling techniques

In addition, theoretical membrane materials, such as nanocomposite and carbon nanotube membranes are also explored. Other chapters cover the desalination of shale gas, produced water, forward osmosis for agriculture, desalination for crop irrigation, and seawater for sustainable agriculture. International in its coverage, the chapters of this handbook are contributed by leading authors and researchers in all relevant fields.

The aim of this book is to provide a basis for the preparation of a common document by signaling the areas of agreement, and more importantly, the areas of disagreement. By stripping the load and resistance factors from the design expressions, this book is able to compare the essential rules of engineering on which the codes are based, and to compare the positions taken by three different code writing committees. This book is a valuable resource for structural engineers working with aluminum, especially in the U.S.A., Canada, or in Europe.

New ways of assessing the economic benefit of infrastructure and the evolving role of institutions in the information economy are demonstrated, along with novel approaches to analyzing human mobility and interaction in a knowledge-rich environment. By moving beyond traditional forms of analysis that were better suited to an earlier time, the chapters in this book provide a wealth of insights for policy formulation in the globalized knowledge economy. This comprehensive volume will be of great value to regional scientists and economic geographers, as well as civil engineers, economists, and analysts interested in transportation and communications.

The topics are wide-ranging, including papers on remote sensing to assess primary impact; treatment of sealed-off coal mine fires; sustainable development in mine closure; and monitoring of natural hazards and safety issues.

This is the Proceedings of the major international workshop that took place at the University of Dundee during March 2000.

This book introduces the SMP criterion, the integration of the SMP criterion with the well-known Cam-clay model, and the application of the SMP criterion to the general elastoplastic constitutive models for geomaterials like clay, sand and unsaturated soil. In addition to the theoretical development of constitutive models, the book is full of high-quality experimental data obtained from conventional and true triaxial tests on various soils. The scope and the level of the book ensure that it will be a valuable resource for postgraduate students, academics and geotechnical engineering professionals alike