The contributors debate and compare the uses of modularity, discussing the different disciplinary contexts of “modular thinking” in general (including hierarchical organization, near-decomposability, quasi-independence, and recursion) or of more specialized concepts (including character complex, gene family,

Assembling the work of some of the most influential, world-renowned researchers in the field, this book provides a unified, in-depth overview of all the coarse-grained schemes developed for condensed phase and biomolecular systems. It shows the promise of coarse-graining as a revolutionary advancement in the scientific community.

Like engineering systems, biological systems must also operate effectively in the presence of internal and external uncertainty―such as genetic mutations or temperature changes, for example. It is not surprising, then, that evolution has resulted in the widespread use of feedback, and research in systems biology over the past decade has shown that feedback control systems are widely found in biology. As an increasing number of researchers in the life sciences become interested in control-theoretic ideas such as feedback, stability, noise and disturbance attenuation, and robustness, there is a need for a text that explains feedback control as it applies to biological systems.

Roitt’s Essential Immunology is also supported by a companion website at including: An additional online only chapter on immunological methods and applications Further interactive multiple choice and single best answer questions for each chapter Animations and videos showing key concepts Fully downloadable figures and illustrations, further reading and useful links Updated extracts from the Encyclopaedia of Life Sciences Podcasts to reinforce the key principles explained in the text

Now following the same accessible format of the original, Phil Geis of The Procter and Gamble Company has recruited additional microbiologists from the elite of the field to provide a fresh and updated perspective. Cosmetic Microbiology: A Practical Approach, Second Edition, provides readers with the basic microbiology needed to work in the field, as well as expanded discussions of manufacturing hygiene and preservation. It offers a contemporary global perspective on regulatory review, and includes coverage of current safety concerns for preservatives consistent with the most recent toxicological data. Like the first edition, this new edition serves the needs of professional researchers and industry workers by providing an accessible reference while also providing both those in the cosmetic as well as the pharmaceutical industry with a textbook for in-house training that improves the delivery of information essential to the development and manufacturing of safe high-quality products.

In color throughout, the book starts by establishing the foundation of CRS microscopy. It discusses the principles of nonlinear optical spectroscopy, particularly coherent Raman spectroscopy, and presents the theories of contrast mechanisms pertinent to CRS microscopy. The text then provides important technical aspects of CRS microscopy, including microscope construction, detection schemes, and data analyses. It concludes with a survey of applications that demonstrate how CRS microscopy has become a valuable tool in biomedicine.

The text details key environmental contaminants, explores their fates in the biosphere, and discusses bioaccumulation and the effects of contaminants at increasing levels of ecological organization. It also covers regulatory aspects of the field and discusses key Australian, U.S., European, and Chinese legislation and policies. Vignettes written by experts illustrate key themes or highlight especially pertinent examples. Instructors can present the core concepts of each chapter and use the vignettes for student-lead discussions.